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19 If you besiege a city for a long time while attempting to capture it,[a] you must not chop down its trees,[b] for you may eat fruit[c] from them and should not cut them down. A tree in the field is not human that you should besiege it![d] 20 However, you may chop down any tree you know is not suitable for food,[e] and you may use it to build siege works[f] against the city that is making war with you until that city falls.

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Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 20:19 tn Heb “to fight against it to capture it.”
  2. Deuteronomy 20:19 tn Heb “you must not destroy its trees by chopping them with an iron” (i.e., an ax).
  3. Deuteronomy 20:19 tn Heb “you may eat from them.” The direct object is not expressed; the word “fruit” is supplied in the translation for clarity.
  4. Deuteronomy 20:19 tn Heb “to go before you in siege.”
  5. Deuteronomy 20:20 tn Heb “however, a tree which you know is not a tree for food you may destroy and cut down.”
  6. Deuteronomy 20:20 tn Heb “[an] enclosure.” The term מָצוֹר (matsor) may refer to encircling ditches or to surrounding stagings. See R. de Vaux, Ancient Israel, 238.